Hmmm.... how much exactly I wonder. Would be nice to see a graph of different taxes and how much their income is.
Also just like sales tax, property tax is illogical. Why the hell do you have to pay for what you paid already? I hate paying for things that make no sense. 
I'll see if I can find it, but pretty much everything you listed earlier, police, fire department, prison, sewers, public roads, free recreation facilities (parks, stadiums, etc) and land fills, are taken care of by the state in the first place. The only one of those things that the federal government takes care of is the interstate.
As far as your federal tax goes, 24% goes to The Department of Health and Human Services(Medicare & Medicaid), 23% to The Social Security Administration, 20% to The Department of Defense, and 18% to The Department of the Treasury(Interest on the Public Debt, IRS). The remainder of the government(Dept of Justice, Energy, Homeland Security, Housing, International assistance, Legislative branch, Dept of Agriculture, Dept of Education, Dept of Labor, Dept of Transportation, etc) runs off of that remaining 15%.
http://www.taxbreakdown.org/Department of Health and Human Services needs to be completely revamped or destroyed. it is EXTREMELY inefficient with it's money and is a burden to the tax payers. Similar to Social Security. The public gets far less money out of it than what they put in. Department of Defense budget could drastically be reduced if we got rid of our foreign deployment and stopped trying to be the world's police. There is no longer any reason for us to be in Germany, Japan, etc. They cost far much more than mainland bases. Majority of the cost for the war on terror went to transporting vehicles and troops to and from Iraq and Afghanistan. Our military policy should be to strengthen our national defense, we can easily deploy to the rest of the world in a matter of hours now. Unfortunately, the department of the treasury can't go anywhere because we need to pay back all this retarded amount of money we owe, but we should be working to fix that rather than doubling the national debt.