Do PC applications suffer for the fact that PCs/laptops all have different resolutions, aspect ratios, and sizes? No. Android applications (and indeed iPhone apps) don't suffer either, for the exact same reason. If you ever need to go and program a GUI in Java by hand, you'll see that you never (or, should never) exactly specify the position on the window a particular control (button, textbox, etc) should go. Rather, you specify a type of layout (flow, grid, etc) which manages the positions for you, and then say 'this textbox will be at least this size, but no bigger than this size, and it will be in the bottom quarter of the window, locked to the bottom edge'. The Java interpreter will then scale it dynamically so that it always fits properly, while meeting those criteria, while strictly following the layout you specified. That is how you ensure that a PC GUI always looks correct, no matter what size/aspect ratio the screen is.
An Android app's GUI works the same way (indeed, I believe most of them are written in Java), and that is why there is no more of a problem with Android phones having different size screens than there is with PCs having different size screens. You're making a big fuss about a totally non-existent problem here.